The head and thorax, bearing the eyes, mouthparts and legs, are fused together to form the cephalothorax. When the spider moves, air passes over the large surface area of the lamellae and oxygen can be absorbed into the spiders blood. Kn 1980 scaling of subunit structures in book lungs of spiders araneae. The two respiratory organs at the very front end of the abdomen usually are book lungs, and the rear two are tracheae.
One of two main parts of a tarantulas anatomy and the rear section of the body, often referred to as the abdomen. Spider internal anatomy look for the book lungs in pink diagram from wikipedia. The mygalomorphs are often called primitive spiders as they have retained many of the features possessed by their relatives very early in the fossil record. Most common causes of bilateral upper lung lobe fibrosis are old tuberculosis and nonspecific fibrous scarring not known cause. Autoimmune conditions, infections, or a pulmonary embolism may cause pleurisy. The book lungs and the spiracle of the book lungs are located at the anterior end, which is the front end of the spider. To see them, you must scalpel a spider and know how to recognize arachnid organs. Book lungs are unique to five extant arachnid orders scorpiones, araneae, amblypygi, uropygi. The structures diagramed as folds may have been small widenings of the air sac entrance as observed in the book lungs of spider embryos. Hunting spiders such as jumping spiders and wolf spiders usually have tracheal systems that.
Each of these organs is found inside an open ventral abdominal, airfilled cavity atrium and connects with the surroundings through a small opening for the purpose of respiration. This file is licensed under the creative commons attribution 3. A detailed description of the anatomy of spiders biology. Between the plates there is an air space and this allows air to circulate around the plates. True spiders and authentic scorpions breathe through book lungs, stacks of accordion air pockets and tissue, bound on one side and filled with spider blood. Spider internal anatomy look for the book lungs in pink diagram from wikipedia spider blood is called haemolymph and unlike our blood is blue. Book lung anatomy britannica encyclopedia britannica. This is joined by a slim waist pedicel to the second body section, the abdomen, on which are found the silk spinning organs spinnerets, the reproductive openings and the breathing organs book lungs andor tracheae. Spider shape book printout a short book on spiders to print out and color. These book lungs allow air to enter and circulate around thin plates which are richly supplied with hemolymph blood. The ultrastructure of book lung development in the bark. As a bonus, site members have access to a banneradfree version of the site, with printfriendly pages. The inside of each leaf is filled with blood, and the outside is exposed to air.
The book lungs are respiratory organs and are always in pair. From the book lungs veins take the blood into the pericardium from where it can enter the heart during diastole and start its journey again. Book lung, form of respiratory organ found in certain airbreathing arachnid arthropods scorpions and some spiders. Book lungs of spider shown in pink a book lung is a type of respiration organ used for atmospheric gas exchange that is found in many arachnids, such as scorpions and spiders. Results support the hypotheses for book gill book lung homology and spider tracheal derivation from book lungs. A book lung is a type of respiration organ used for atmospheric gas exchange that is found in. Most araneomorphs have the front pair of book lungs only, the rear pair being replaced by fine, cuticular tracheal tubes that divide within the body and allow more efficient gas exchange. Paul r, fincke t 1989 book lung function in arachnids ii. The small crevice in between the first pair of book lungs houses two small sacs, the spermatheca, used to receive and store sperm from the male. They all use book lung and trachea to perform respiration. Pulmonary fibrosis is a consequence of many types of lung diseases, in particular chronic inflammatory ones. The book lungs are surrounded by spider blood, which is hemolymph. Tracheal systems are more efficient than book lungs, and allows the spider to be more active. Unlike an insect, the spider s body is in two sections.
The opisthosoma houses the two pairs of book lungs, a primitive respiratory system consisting of ventilated, leaflike lungs through which air circulates. The epigastric furrow is an opening between the set of book lungs closest to the cephalothorax body of the spider. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way. Simply tell your 5th grader to fill in the spider body parts from the provided work bank. In this spider diagram, the book lung is labelled 1. The breathing system of spider is different from ours.
In spiders the book lungs are paired respiratory organs composed of 10 to 80 hollow leaves that extend into a blood sinus separated by small hardened columns. Spider printouts printouts and information on spiders. The spiders normal movement provides all of the necessary energy to push air in and out. The lungs open into chambers atria, which open to the outside through one or. Book lung development in the embryo, postembryo and first instar of. Arachnids are the class of arthropods that use book lungs for respiration. Most spiders also have tracheae, but their main respiratory organs are book lungs shown at right in which the book pages are hollow airfilled plates surrounded by the spider s blood. Blood is passed over a large surface area to absorb oxygen.
Waterair passes over gills book lungs and oxygen diffuses into the blood. Folks using this method will compare the curve of the furrow, the distance between the anterior book lungs, and the angle of the lungs to determine gender. Another unique feature in spider and other arachnids is the book lung, which is the parallel sockets connected to the blood barron 2012. The book lung usually located under the ventral side of abdomen and diffused air through trachea from the spiracles see figure s. Abstract light and electron microscopy were used to compare spider book lung development with earlier studies of the development of horseshoe crab book gills and scorpion book lungs. Book lung entomologists glossary amateur entomologists. Tracheae and tracheoles essentially ductwork allow air to circulate throughout the. Spiders have developed several different respiratory anatomies, based either on book lungs or on tracheae. Will you study the diagrams of the external and internal appearances and parts of the crayfish in preparation for the test. The ultrastructure of book lung development in the bark scorpion centruroides gracilis scorpiones.
Our red blood gets its colour from haemoglobin which contains iron the red bit. Paul r 1986 gas exchange and gas transport in the tarantula eurypelma californicum an overview. The first are called book lungs, which get their name because they look like stacked pages of a book. Download scientific diagram gross morphology of scorpion book lungs, sem images. The book lungs themselves consist of a series of haemolymph filled platelike structures. Each book lung consists of a series of thin plates that are highly vascular i. When air enters the spider through openings on the spiders abdomen, it comes into contact with the book lungs and hemolymph. The following diagram summarizes the life cycle of the.
Book lungs are the main respiratory organ in most arachnids spiders and scorpions. Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass through the thinwalled plates, and are exchanged with hemocyanin works like our hemoglobin in the blood. Purcell 1909 presented diagrams that show two lamellae in the posterior limb bud. An insects midsection, to which its wings and legs are attached. On its underside are one or two pairs of book lungs and perhaps a pair of respiratory spiracles, as well as up to three pairs of silksecreting spinnerets, and at least on adult female araneomorph species an epigynum into which the male injects his sperms. Moore sj 1976 some spider organs as seen by the scanning electron microscope, with special reference to the book lung. Spider book lungs cross section spiders have developed several different respiratory anatomies, based either on book lungs or on tracheae. They are all located on the low side of the abdomens, and are categorized into two pairs. Mesothele and mygalomorph spiders have two pairs of book lungs filled with haemolymph, where openings on the ventral surface of the abdomen allow air to enter and oxygen to diffuse in and carbon dioxide to diffuse out. Among the terrestrial isopods are the pill bugs, or wood lice. Spider haemolymph contains a number of different sorts of cells called hemocytes and a copperbased respiratory pigment called hemocyanin.
As in the trachea, the book lungs exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide through diffusion. Even still, some spiders have a combination of both where the trachea is at the anterior end, and the book lungs are located at the posterior end. Many are so small their colors can only be seen with a microscope. Label the external spider anatomy diagram printout. The book lungs are assumed to be the first respiratory system evolved which is later replaced by the tracheae. However, in some groups both pairs are book lungs as in the tarantulalike spiders or tracheae as in some minute spiders. Morphology and evolution of spider book lungs institut fur biologie. Although the class is divided into pulmonate arachnids contain book lungs and apulmonate arachnids lacking book lungs. Book lung development in the embryo, postembryo and first. Haplogyne spiders, such as mygalomorphs and some araneomorphs, possess a more primitive female genital anatomy than the rest of the araneomorph families, which are entelegyne spiders. Some spiders have two sets of book lungs while other spiders have two sets of tracheae. Vinegarroon a whip scorpion, an arachnid that emits a vinegarlike mist. The anterior pair is located in front of the posterior pair.
Respiration in spiders robert gale breene iii college of the southwest, carlsbad, new mexico usa respiration, loosely the gaseous exchange of o2 and co2 in spiders, is often misunderstood, even by arachnologists. Gross morphology of scorpion book lungs, sem images. Light and electron microscopy were used to compare spider book lung. They have large downwardstriking fangs which are roughly parallel to one another and held beneath the spider when not in use. Members of the spider groups mesothelae and mygalomorphae, which includes tarantulas, have two pairs of book lungs, and this is considered a feature of primitive spiders. Spiders, such as tarantulas, in the mygalomorphae infraorder and mesothelae suborder, have two pairs of book lungs. There are two separate systems involved, book lungs and tracheae. They have four book lungs, named after their resemblance to the pages of a book. Anatomical information and original diagram from the spider book 1912, 1920 by john henry comstock additional anatomical information from biology of spiders 1996 by rainer f. Tracheae are tubes that conduct air directly to various tissues.
Spider anatomy diagram ventral underside book lung location shown in red. Book lungs are similar to book gills, which can be seen on the underside of a horseshoe crab. There are two pairs of book lungs in mygalomorph and some araneomorph spiders. You have lungs, which are different than an arachnids book lungs despite. They are located in the abdomen 2, just below the pedicel 3, and are composed of many fine leaves. Blood flows through these plates and the gas is exchanged. Book lungs are a series of very thin, leaflike structures like the pages in a book. These are called anterior pairs and posterior pairs. Tarantulas breathe using two pairs of book lungs, but daddy longlegs and other spiders use only one pair.
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